When did the books appear?

When did the books appear?

  Books as we know them appeared in the Middle Ages. Papyrus, rolled into a tube, replaced them. Papyrus sheets are glued together and wrapped. The Romans called them "volumen". This is where the English word "volume" comes from. By the middle of the 15th century, parchment (animal skin) replaced papyrus. It is made of sheep and goat skin, and the finest parchment is made of calf skin. It has text written on one side, then sheets of the same size are cut and secured with leather straps. If we can call it a book, the first books were in this form. Four pieces of parchment are folded in half in the middle, so that each sheet has two sheets. Then they are placed on top of each other, resulting in a total of 8 sheets or one part. The finished pieces were sent to the calligraphy. He wrote a text. The

calligrapher separated the pages and worked on each page separately.

The parchment was thick enough to write on both sides. The finished pieces were then sent to the bindery. She sewed each piece along the folded line with chilvirs (thin rope). Then wooden covers were prepared. To attach the parts, the ends of the screws were passed through the holes in the wood, and then a large piece of leather was glued to the wooden cover to cover the joints of the parts. Finished books are decorated and carefully stored. Most of the first books in the Middle Ages were Bibles, sermons, and other religious literature. Later, legal, medical and popular scientific literature began to appear. After that, historical chronicles and novels were published. In the Middle Ages, most books were written in Latin.